The Mediterranean Sea is one of the most exploited fisheries on earth. An existing 2012 Mediterranean-wide ban on fishing elasmobranch species – including great white sharks, shortfin makos, guitarfishes, and angel sharks – is not being effectively implemented, with widespread catches of shark and rays species – some are now critically endangered. However there is little documentation of the true extent of exploitation and significant data gaps around migration patterns, breeding grounds. A lack of data and cohesion between conservation efforts has impeded the effective protection of sharks and rays across the Mediterranean Sea.